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February 23, 2011

Airlines flying into the big chill

Established airlines are facing challenging times. Not only are they paying substantial increases in aviation fuel, but recession is leading to falling demand in several markets and competition from budget airlines is forcing them to lower prices and consequently look for cost savings. One approach to achieving overall cost reductions is through rationalisation of operations, involving redundancies and the closure of parts of a business. This has led to employee unrest in several airlines such as British Airways, as management seek to cap, or even reduce, remuneration packages and fringe benefits available to staff.

In pursuit of more economic business models, carriers are examining a whole series of collaborative ventures such as joint ventures and strategic alliances and many are considering mergers and acquisitions. In a previous post, I reported on one example of such a consolidation: the $3.2 billion merger of Continental Airlines with its domestic rival United Airlines creating the world’s largest carrier, representing approximately a fifth of the American airline market.

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January 19, 2010

Kraft and Cadbury Agree on a Friendly Merger

After holding talks with Hershey, the American company whom Cadbury viewed as a preferable merger partner,  Cadbury has agreed  to an improved takeover offer from Kraft, worth about $19 billion, to create the world’s largest confectioner. Together Kraft, maker of Oreo cookies and Ritz crackers, and Cadbury the producer of Trident gum and Dairy Milk chocolate, will have more than $50 billion in annual revenue and a big presence in markets from the United States to India.Warren E. Buffett is Kraft’s largest shareholder.

The deal continues a trend seen over the last decade, where food companies have sought to gain scale by combining with one another. Most recently, Mars bought the William Wrigley Jr. Co. in 2008 for $23 billion.

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